Factors That Can Be Taken Into Account When An Individual...

There are various factors that can be taken into account when an individual is walking. Whether it is your speed, group size, destination, status, culture, personality, distractions, or sex, one way of the other they manage to have an impact on walking behaviors. Past researchers have indicated that these factors may have an effect on walking behaviors and with our observation we put the theories to test. The factors taken into account were gender and group size and their effect on walking speed and interpersonal distance. Earlier research finding have reported that interpersonal distances are influenced by dominance, attraction, age, similarity and gender. Willis (1996) reported in his research that young people are more like to approach one another closer and as people tend to age the more personal space is recorded. A closer more intimate space is seen in opposite-sex pairs (Aiello 1987; Crawford and Unger 2000; Hall 1984; Heshka and Nelson 1972). From this finding, researchers conclude that when people interact in closer distances they have an attraction or interpersonal relationship. Dominance, power, and status are also said lead to lower interpersonal distance. Similarities in race, sexual preference, religions are also factors that contribute to a closer interpersonal distance (Bell et al., 2001). According to some researchers negatively toned situations cause larger spatial zones (Strayer and Roberts 1997). Studies suggest that women are more prone to react inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Calorie Consumption and an Exercise Plan1574 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Definition of Calorie According to Ayoob( 2009), a calorie can be defined as a unit of heat energy that human body use as energy to produce heat. This energy fuels human body for strength in daily activity. In scientific term, there are two types of calories which small calorie and large calorie (Nordqvist, 2013). A small calorie(symbol:cal) - 1cal is the amount of energy to required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celcius. A large calorie(symbol:CalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Dead Man Walking 798 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The theoretical perspective I found most convincing when analyzing the behavior of the main character, Mathew Poncelot, in the film, Dead Man Walking, are the ideologies of sociologist Max Weber. He believed that rather than only focusing on one’s social actions, it is instead important to understand why people do the things that they do (Long-Crowell). Empathizing with individuals and identifying their perspectives explains one’s rationales behind each choice and behavior (Long-Crowell)Read MoreDefining Abnormality1408 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam is walking down the street he notices a young woman walking toward him having a full conversation. Technology, Bill thought to himself, thinking that the young woman has one of those blue tooth ear pieces in her ear. 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Individuals have their own set of beliefs, and the level of dissonance felt when performing an oppositional behavior depends upon how central or important the belief is to the individual. In a situation where both consonantRead MoreUnit 2321383 Words   |  6 Pagesand position individuals in accordance with their plan of care (HSC 2028) Outcome 1 – Understand anatomy and physiology in relation to moving and positioning individuals 1.2. Describe the impact of specific conditions on the correct movement and positioning of an individual When moving an individual you must take into account if they have any conditions that acquire special moving techniques. Here are a few examples; Individuals with Parkinson’s may have limb rigidity which can affect theirRead More232 Move And Position Individuals In Accordance With Their Plan Of Care1351 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Andrew George 232: Move and position individuals in accordance with their plan of care 1:1 Outline the anatomy and physiology of the human body in relation to the importance of correct moving and positioning of individuals. We need to know the normal range of movement of the muscles and joints so when moving, handling and positioning a person we know the limits of each limb. We need to take into consideration other factors that may inhibit a person’s movements as: †¢ Old Fractures †¢ Torn MusclesRead MoreThe Effects Of Yoga On Diabetes Prevention And Treatment1672 Words   |  7 Pagesproper protocols taken, it can be somewhat reversed if caught early. â€Å"The growing epidemic of lifestyle-related disease like type 2 diabetes in spite of all new drugs that are now available has drawn attention to the research on effects of yoga in diabetes prevention and treatment† (Jyotsna, 2014). For instance, this researcher touches on the basic problem we face in today’s society. Many people want to turn to drugs to fix the issues which are costly. Using practices like yoga can cut down on longRead MoreUNIT HSC 20281621 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿UNIT HSC 2028 Move and position individuals in accordance with their care plan. 1.1 Anatomy: The physical structure of the body. Physiology: The normal functions of the body. 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A Security Plan for Businesses by Virtual Protectors

Today business is moving faster than it ever has before. With the Internet and e-commerce, even brick and mortar businesses are now open twenty-four hours a day and seven days a week. However, there are security threats that linger with this new age of business that need to be mitigated. According to a survey by the National Cyber Security Alliance (NCSA) and Symantec, a company that offers security solutions, seventy-seven percent of small businesses believe that they will not fall victim to security issues (Symantec, 2012). Even more alarming is that the survey found that eighty-three percent of these businesses did not have any form of security plan. The projected growth of the Deli and Dessert Co. (DAD’s) makes it essential to†¦show more content†¦Some of them might accidentally bring risk upon the company, while others might do it deliberately. According to a survey conducted by Ponemon Institute (2012, p. 2), seventy-eight percent of businesses had experie nced a security issue due to employees within the past two years. Another huge risk revolves around the fact that DAD’s is a small business. Cybercriminals are eager to attack small businesses because they know that these businesses are less likely to have proper protections in place due to budget constraints. Although large businesses like Target are more likely to make the news, a small business is more apt to experience dire consequences of a security breach including significant financial loss and business failure. In formulating a security plan for DAD’s, it is necessary to have an understanding of the different types of attacks on computers. Again, employees can be the weak link here since a lack of education may result in their enabling an attack. Most attacks are a result of malware. Malware can be defined as â€Å"software that enters a computer system without the user’s knowledge or consent and then performs an unwanted – and usually harmf ul – action† (Ciampa, 2014, p. 77). Some examples of malware include: viruses, worms, Trojans, rootkits, backdoors, keyloggers, arbitrary code execution, buffer overflow attacks, botnets, spyware, adware, and scareware. RecommendationsShow MoreRelatedAmerica And Its Homeland Security Online Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica and Its Homeland Security Online Abstract: Everyday security is provided by the states and federal government. These tasks get more difficult as new technology introduces itself. Cybersecurity is one of the most popular security sectors in today’s world. There is not only cyberbullying going on in the world. Terrorism can be planned and sent from person to person over the internet. 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Advertising and promotion in Coca-Cola Free Essays

string(50) " communicate with name and/or product or service\." Introduction Task 1 Q1. Explain the communication process that applies to advertising and promotion (P1) Advertising and promotion are an integral part of our social and economic systems. In our complex society, advertising has evolved into a vital communications system for both consumers and businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and promotion in Coca-Cola or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ability of advertising and other promotional programmers are makes the target audience at the marketing level. Its makes the organization feedback to the market situation of goods and products which are newly come to the competitive market Advertising is the structured and composed, nonperson communication of information. It is usually paid for and usually persuasive, about products, services, or ideas. There are four important dimensions of advertising (communication, marketing, economic, and social) creates a clear concept about what advertising is and how it has evolved. The promotion is the process of commodities at newly introduce to the market, it also offer coupons, free samples, contests, or rebates on the purchase price. By offering added value, promotion accelerates sales. So it is a very effective tool for the new product at the market. It is often used in conjunction with advertising—to promote the promotion. The promotional planner should recognize the different effects various types of advertising messages might have on consumers and whether they are appropriate for the product or brand. The message is done by the (print, TV, radio, newspaper, direct marketing) and their cost implications might also occur at this process. Q2. Explain the organization of the advertising and promotions industry in the UK (P2) At the UK which of the organization are responsible for the advertising and promotion activities that’s organizations activities are as follows; EFSP The European Federation of Sales Promotion (EFSP) was founded in 1980. It is a forum for countries across Europe to meet, exchange ideas and work together. It also enhances the reputation and promotes the highest standards of the Sales Promotion industry in Europe. It maintains two main areas of activity are lobbying and annual awards. EACA The mission of the European Association of Communications Agencies (EACA) is to represent full-service advertising and media agencies and agency associations in Europe. The aim of EACA is to promote honest, effective advertising, high professional standards, and awareness of the contribution of advertising in a free market economy. It’s also work for encourage close co-operation between agencies, advertisers and media in European advertising bodies. European Federation of Sales Promotion (EFSP) The European Federation of Sales Promotion (EFSP) was founded in 1980, and changed its name to the Promotional Marketing Council of Europe in September 2002 when it became a part of EACA (the European Association of Communication Agencies). This organization deals with the sales Promotion in Europe. Promotional Marketing Council of Europe The PMC is an organization that represents the Sales Promotion industry across Europe including Clients, Agencies and Suppliers. Member countries are France, Spain, Portugal, UK, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Ireland and Austria and the membership of these organizations accounts for an estimated 80 % of the sales promotion business in those countries. Q3. Explain what problems advertising companies are facing currently and how they can solve them (M1) Today’s advertising companies face several problems which are deals with the new business process, adapting to web/interactive marketing, cash flow, the slow economy, shrinking client budgets, finding qualified employees, obtaining larger clients and shrinking profit margins. The main problems are as follows; Complexity for the run new company. Accumulate the budget support for the activities of the company. Complexity for the new promotion and campaign activities. Find the proper employee and to maintain them. Reach to the new clients and accumulate them for the new products. Generate new ideas for the new advertisement of new products. Proper media support for the advertisement and promotion. Q4. Explain the role of advertising in an integrated promotional strategy for Coca-Cola Enterprise Ltd (P5). Advertising really plays a big role in Coca-Cola’s success. Its advertising has been rather pervasive, as one of Woodruff’s stated goals was to ensure that everyone on Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. Advertising for Coca-Cola is now almost everywhere, especially in southern areas of North America, such as Atlanta, where Coca-Cola was born. The most popular words in the world in 20th contrary are: God, she and Coca-Cola. After the highest popularization of word – â€Å"OK†, the second one is â€Å"Coca-Cola†. 98% of the people know â€Å"Coca-Cola†. That’s the result of Coca-Cola spending 6 hundred million dollar on promotions. There are five main ways of promoting the brand – Coca-Cola. The first one is traditional advertising, like showing advertisements on TV or posters. The second one is the sponsoring of sport events. The third one is online promotion. The fourth one is selling Coca-Cola’s collections. The fifth one is local promotion held by bottlers or retailers. Although the main advertisements in every country still follow this strategy, especially using the local stars to attract young customers, Coca-cola begun to use computer technology to make cartoon images which matches local culture or just funny. Q5. Explain branding and how it is used to strengthen a company like Coca-Cola (P6). Branding is the building of trust with employees, customers and stakeholders. In marketing terms, the definition of branding is the sum total of a company’s value, including products, services, people, advertising, positioning and culture. Brands give potential clients a firm idea of what they are buying before they buy it, making the purchasing decision easier. Customers trust strong brands because they know what to expect. The most important reason is that it can help increase the sales of Coca-Cola. This means that when need to increase prices then the target audience will be accepting of price increase. Branding also encourages confidence and trust in product/service. Brandings introduce new products at the newly face at the market level also its increase the customers attraction for the new products at the market. It should reflect – through the use of logo, name stripling – brand values. It should clearly communicate with name and/or product or service. You read "Advertising and promotion in Coca-Cola" in category "Essay examples" The Coca-Cola follows this for its branding such the logo and the color combination of logo. The identity should be applied consistently across all media – for example its color and its positioning on a page or screen should remain familiar across all marketing material. If consider partnering with other companies, ensure that the brand and brand identity reflect theirs and vice versa. Q6. Demonstrate your creative thinking regarding Coca-Cola branding and its popularity in the UK market (D3). Coke’s branding strategies had to go beyond brand positioning and associations. To ensure that customers had formed a harmonious relationship with the brand, the objective of brand resonance had to be achieved. Coca- Cola is a already brand product at the world wide. But for the increase of its popularity at the UK market this company may takes several initiatives for its new advertisement and promotion activities. Coca-Cola needs the new branding approach for the target market, its needs different promotion activities for the all levels of customers. It takes the approach for the all level of market demand for the familiarity of its. For complete this work Coca-Cola needs the price promotion. Also Coca-Cola needs new steps for the promotion activities at the different level of customers. New campaign programme are set for introduce different flavor of Coca-Col. Task 2 Q7. Asses how promotion is regulated in the UK (P3) The UK marketing industry recognized the need for trust in advertising when it setup the advertising self-regulatory system for non-broadcast advertising in 1961. Since then, the UK’s system of self-regulation has helped to ensure advertising remains responsible: honest advertising helps to keep customers coming back. The 11th edition of the British Code of Advertising and Sales Promotion came into force on 4 March 2003. The purpose of the Code is to maintain, in the best and most flexible way possible, the integrity of marketing communications in the interests of both the consumer and the trade. Advertising in the UK is controlled through a combination of codes of practice and legislation. There are two advertising codes – which are created, monitored and revised by two committees. These are the Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) and the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice (BCAP). The CAP Code deals with the non-broadcast advertising, sales promotion and direct marketing. The BCAP deals with the rules for broadcast advertising. These are enforced where necessary by the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA). Since 28 February 2011, Broadcasting regulations rules have been relaxed to allow product placement – ie paying to have a product or service included or referred to – in selected types of TV broadcasts. This includes: films series made for TV or other audiovisual media services – eg video on demand sports programmes light entertainment shows However, product placement isn’t allowed for certain types of goods, and it’s banned completely in all children’s, news, current affairs, consumer affairs and religious programming. Q8. Examine current trends in advertising and promotion among soft drink advertisers in the UK and explain the impact of ICT on advertising and promotion industries (P4) Soft drink is one of the most important product categories in the delivered wholesale and cash and carry markets. It contributes more than ?1billion of sales per year through independent retail, catering and on-premise outlets. It is a category maintaining momentum through creative marketing and promotions, new product developments and fresh packaging formats. The current trends in advertising and promotion activities which are going at the UK market that’s depends on the following reasons; Encourage excessive consumption of food or drink products. Encourage the purchase of food or soft drinks by inappropriately using licensed characters, celebrities or promotional offers in ads intended for children. Encourage the new generation to the soft drink. Promote consumption of different kinds of soft drinks promotional offer. The advertising of different flavor of soft drink at the different level of customers. The ideas of new advertisement programme which takes by the different advertisement companies. The impact of ICT on advertising and promotion are as follows; Now a day’s advertisement is done by the different ICT programmes such as by the broadcast, by internet. But the misuse of this there is several impacts is going on the product advertisement. There are some impact is create for the change of ICT use at the advertisement. For the revulsion of use ICT at the advertisement and promotion activities are create new dimension at this sector. Q9. Review the creative aspect of Coca-Cola advertisement (P7) Coca-Cola’s promotion has had a significant impact on American advertising and its overall culture. It is even (erroneously) credited with the invention of the US traditional Santa Clause image. Anyway, Coca Cola advertising history demonstrates how the marketing science has been developing over time. Below there is a visual tour into the company print advertising. 1890 – Drink Coca Cola Coca-Cola first print ad was published in 1895 featuring a young Bostonian actress named Hilda Clark who was the company spokesperson. Coca-Cola Revives and Sustains It satisfies the thirsty and helps the weary. Take one glass of Coca Cola when weary with shopping. 1950 – Be refreshed! â€Å"Be refreshed! Pause for Coke! Only Coca-Cola gives you the cheerful lift that’s bright and lively†¦ the cold crisp taste that deeply satisfies! No wonder Coke refreshes you the best!† â€Å"Spending the day on the waterYou’ll really welcome the cold crisp taste of Coca-Cola that so deeply satisfies†¦ the cheerful lift that’s bright and lovely. No wonder Coke is the real refreshment†¦ anytime†¦ anywhere† 1960 – Things Go Better with Coke The â€Å"Things Go Better with Coke† campaign was adapted to the youth market by using catchy colors and fashionable concepts. 1970 – During the mid-1970s, the political uncertainty in the United States determined Coca-Cola advertising campaign. As the nation questioned its direction, Coca-Cola reminded Americans of their country’s positive values in the â€Å"Look Up, America† campaign. 1976 – Coke Adds Life In May 1976, The Coca-Cola Company introduced a new campaign, presenting the brand as the soft drink for all occasions. Aimed at the young and young-at-heart, the new campaign, â€Å"Coke Adds Life to †¦,† was designed to show viewers that Coca-Cola added simple enjoyment to life. 1982 – Coke is it! In early 1982, Coca-Cola launched a new ad campaign, â€Å"Coke Is It!† The direct, positive statement was meant to appeal to the forthright mood of Americans in the 1980s. â€Å"Coke Is It!† represented the new taste and concept. The public, however, demanded the return of the traditional drink, so the campaign turned out to be fiasco. 1993 – Always Coca Cola In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company made a dramatic shift in its advertising by introducing the memorable â€Å"Always Coca-Cola† campaign, by Creative Artists Agency and later Edge Creative. Animated polar bear became one of the most popular symbols of Coca-Cola. 2002 – The Coke Side of Life Q10. Use critical reflection to evaluate your work, justify your findings and make valid conclusions (D1). This work is conduct with the advertisement and promotion of the new products which are introduced at the new business world. At this work mainly reflect with the advertisement and promotion activities of the Coca-Cola Company. The major findings of this work are the process and procedure which are takes for the promotion activities by the Coca-Cola. Also at this work discuss about the regulation for the advertising authorities and how these authority evaluate this. There are discussing about the new techniques for the promotion of the new products at the market. However, with the turn of the millennium, while Coke’s international sales were doing well it was facing some new challenges – especially in its largest market of UK. Q11. Examine ways of working with advertising agencies (P8) Companies work hard to ensure they provide premier goods and services to their markets. Small to mid-sized businesses use advertising agencies to help them relay their messages to the public. Though outsourcing means using the services of a separate entity, it is important to foster good relations with them so the relationship becomes mutually beneficial. Be flexible Know where you want to be, but be flexible in getting there. Remember why you sought the help of an advertising agency in the first place. Don’t assume you have all the answers. It’s technical There is a science behind advertising. How colors collaborate, words work with pictures, etc. contributes to the effectiveness of advertising. Understand you may desire a certain look, but advertising agencies hold the expertise; they know how best to advertise for your company. Have one liaison You may be accustomed to discussing business matters with several people or a board. When it comes to advertising, people host different opinions making it difficult to arrive at a final decision. Advertising agencies recommend appointing one person to work with them directly. This eliminates conflicting views that discourage agencies from working with you further. Know your customers Successful businesses sometimes assume they know their customers because their products/services sell very well. This is a common mistake. Advertising agencies may suggest conducting market research to understand how to reach your customers. This will cost more, but will be advantageous to your advertising campaign as a whole. Q12. Communicate with any advertising agencies and present your findings (that you have learnt for Q11) in a suitable format (M3). Communicate with advertising agencies at first look after the goods and service of the company also know about the process for the advertisement of the product. For the proper communication know about the technical aspects and the product promotion aspects and details description of the market valuation of the product response is needed. When inform about the choice of the customers then the product advertising is done carefully also select the level of the customer who needs the product. At the time of campaigning of product advertisement then choose the location for proper advertisement also needs the proper process for the campaigning of product with the product value description. Task 3 Q13. Explain primary techniques of below-the-line promotion and how they are used in an integrated promotional strategy for Coca-Cola Enterprise Ltd or any business in the UK (P9). The terms â€Å"below the line† promotion or communications, refers to forms of non-media communication, even non-media advertising. Below the line promotions are becoming increasingly important within the communications mix of many companies, not only those involved in FMCG products, but also for industrial goods. Below the Line uses less conventional methods than the usual specific channels of advertising to promote products, services, etc. than Above the Line strategies. These may include activities such as direct mail, public relations and sales promotions for which a fee is agreed upon and charged up front. Below the line advertising typically focuses on direct means of communication, most commonly direct mail and e-mail, often using highly targeted lists of names to maximize response rates. Another interesting and very effective BTL is Ssop Intercept. Trained sales personnel, often young women, are deployed at Retail Stores, near the shelves of targeted products. These young women convince customers visiting these shelves about the better aspects of their brand compared with others. This is ideal for new launches as it generates trials, which if successful result in repeat sales. Coca Cola Great Britain (CCGB) is responsible for marketing Coca Cola products within UK. There are over 100 products within UK. One of their responsibilities is developing new brands and extending existing brands. The sustainable growth of the Coca-Cola system depends on the ability to work effectively together through collaboration, mutual support and shared goals. The system strengths lies in coca cola routes-to-market and our ability to help the customers grow their businesses, continually enhancing the value of brands to both customers and consumers. In order to continually grow business of Coca Cola Company needs to be increasingly efficient in use of resources. Below-the-line promotions are becoming increasingly important within the communications mix of many companies, not only those involved in individual products, but also for industrial goods. Q14. Select and/or design appropriate methods/techniques for the Coca-Cola Enterprise to boost their sales and meet strategic targets by 2012 (M2). The integrated management system of the Coca-Cola business for meet the strategies goal for 2012 is— The Coca-Cola Management System (TCCMS) is the new management system for achieve the target by the company. This system aligns with the internationally recognized requirements for quality, environment, health and safety, and food safety. In 2010, the Coca-Cola system will begin to transition to ISO standards for all Management System requirements previously covered by TCCMS. †¢ Quality: Coca-Cola management procedures ensure that we maintain high-quality standards. Ten facilities earned TCCMS certification in North America and all of production facilities in Europe are ISO 9001 certified. †¢ Environment: All of European production facilities are ISO 14001 certified, and 17 facilities in North America achieved TCCMS certification in 2008. †¢ Health and safety: Currently, 18 of European facilities are ISO 18001 certified and 17 facilities in North America are TCCMS certified. †¢ Food safety: Six of European production facilities are ISO 22000 certified and plan to certify six more in 2009 also certify 23 U.S. production facilities in 2009. Q15. Evaluate other techniques used in below-the-line promotion for Coca-Cola Enterprise L td or any other business in the UK (P10). The Coca-Cola company is not a new company to achieve the below-the-line promotion which are target by the company. The Coca-Cola Company’s marketing department is accountable for the brand development, maintenance and positioning of all of the Coca-Cola Company’s brands. They focus on all above-the-line marketing and national promotions for trade and end consumers through the appropriate media channels and brand activation. Coca-Cola Company focuses on understanding the market, and is primarily responsible for brand research, consumer research, and pricing studies. By maximizing the potential of brands, developing innovative new brands and introducing Coca-Cola’s international brands into UK, they ensure that our products are the first choice of consumers. Green contest- Coca Cola has launched a green contest that is aimed at promoting environmental sustainability. Coca Cola Wonder of the World Promotion- Allowed consumers to get the opportunity to win a dream vacation to destinations such as Paris, Hollywood, New York, Singapore and Cairo. The promotion sparked an interest within the public who avidly collected their Coca Cola caps. All the promotional tactics of Coca cola aim to shape the culture of the population to think that drinking Coca Cola is the way of life. Q16. As a senior manager of Coca-Cola Enterprise Ltd. how would you carry out responsibilities for managing and organizing advertising and promotion activities to meet its strategic target (D2)? Completing the target of market demand at the Coca-Cola Enterprise Ltd. Takes the following steps for advertising and promotion activities; New campaign activities at the all market level and for all customers. New advertisement takes for the all levels of customers. Takes different types of new variation of product introduce at the market with new advertisement and promotion activities. Regular monitoring the advertisement and promotion activities at the market level. Ensure the customer about the new thematic promotion and products potentialities. Task 4 Q17. Follow an appropriate process for the formulation of a budget for an integrated promotional strategy (P11). The marketing plan then, is a dynamic document which focuses on bringing marketing strategies to life, serving as a roadmap for carrying out marketing activities and implementing marketing strategies. It is a multi-step process, which considers the following: Formulating a strategy of company or division and making sure that appropriate linkages are made between company strategy and marketing activity planning. Analyzing the environment within which you do business to make sure the marketplace, the industry, competitors, and other influences. Carrying out market profiling, enabling you to identify market segment, target customer types, and overall demand. Additionally, analysis of the industry and competitors, coupled with analysis of customer types, enables the creation of demand possibilities and the resulting forecasts. The marketing mix, which considers a combination of activities which come together harmoniously, in bringing the product to market and sustaining it while in the market. Budgeting of marketing programs so that the appropriate sales goals and corporate strategies can be attained. Q18. Carry out the development of a promotional plan for Coca-Cola Enterprise Ltd. or any business in the UK (P12). Sampling-if objective is to trial the product then sampling is an effective sales promotion method. Usually sampling is involved with low value products and products having highly visible features of benefits. Couponing-it is one of the oldest sales promotion strategies and sometimes couponing makes the product problematic by cheapening your brand name. Coupon is mainly used for attracting new customers as well as to increase instant sales with price reduction of a product. Loyalty schemes- It is basically a point based system, where each customer gets some points on each purchase and later he can use these points on buying the same products or other products at a reduced price. To many marketers, loyalty schemes are also known as-frequent purchasing scheme. Packaging- many marketers does no pay much attention to the quality of packaging, because they simply do not understand the psychological and brand image aspects of packaging. An attractive and innovative packaging can work like a salient sales man-packaging does the hooking function to buyers. A well-packaged product carries not only the brand values but also create an emotional link to your prospects. Not that it is only important for packaging to be eye-catching, aesthetic, but it needs to protect the product inside with proper manner. Q19. Plan the integration of promotional techniques into the promotional strategy for Coca-Cola Enterprise Ltd. or any business in the UK (P13). A typical sales promotion budget covers almost 70% of the total consumer sales promotional budget. It is also considered as a brand differentiator by many big players like Coca-Cola. For Coca-cola business experts and academics, sales promotion is regarded as typical marketing techniques that add value to a product in order to achieve specific marketing goals. The primary purpose of promotion strategy is to induce the consumers to make a quick buying-decision in order to create increases sales. Integration of promotion is to offer customers to take chance of winning a prize or offering some extra products with the same price. Sales promotion and marketing are inter-related but not have the similar purpose. The Coca-Cola company takes different promotions activities such as at the world cup football occurring time also at the summer season the takes different promotions activities for achieve the new customers and evaluate their products computations. It is advertising which makes a platform for sales promotion where customers can see the direct added value of buying your product. On the other hand, advertising is an intangible promotion of products to send the marketing message to the customer-base. Q20. Use appropriate technique for measuring campaign effectiveness (P14). It is essential to pretest advertisements to see how effective they actually are in influencing consumers. An ad may have to be redesigned if it is found not be to be as effective as targeted. Developing an advertising program entails several steps: Identifying the target audience- Market reports can be bought that investigate the media habits of consumers of different products and/or the segments that the firm has chosen to target. Determining appropriate advertising objectives- the objectives might include awareness, trial, repurchase, inducing consumers to switch from another brand, or developing a preference for the brand. Settling on an advertising budget. Designing the advertisements- Numerous media are available for the advertiser to choose from. References: Business Knowledge Center. The Marketing Concept. www.netmba.comAccessed September 2004. Chang, T.L. (1995), â€Å"Formulating adaptation marketing strategies in a global industry†, International Marketing Review International Olympic Committee – Organization – Facts and Figures. Retrieved on January 13, 2007 Lynch, R (1997), corporate strategy, Pitman Publishing, Great Britain. Ruth, J.A. Simonin, B.L. 2003. Brought to you by brand A and brand B. Journal of Advertising www.coke.com.au/about_advert.asp How to cite Advertising and promotion in Coca-Cola, Essay examples

Ethical Consideration of Autonomous Car Technology

Question: A detailed evaluation of the ethical considerations associated with the technology in relation to its impact on humanity. An illustration of at least two specific ethical theories that differentiates their varying approaches in consideration of the questions raised by the selected technology . At least one statistical graph or visual aid that supports or provides value to the section . Answer: Introduction This study deals with ethical considerations of Autonomous Car Technology. In this particular assignment, focus is mainly given on selected technology and relating it with humanity attributes. Differences between two theories of ethics are explained named as Deontology and Teleology. Analysis on impact of technology on humanity Autonomous Car Technology represents major innovation in the automotive industry but uptakes penetration strategy from the point of view of humanity actions. Autonomous vehicles are under active development as well as viable options in transport sector (Vitell Hunt, 2015). This mainly offers potential ways for improving in the safety, efficiency as well as sustainability in road traffic. Humans will be able to experience significant benefits from reduced risk of accidents and delays at the same time. Autonomous vehicles cars drive little or no human input. Figure: Trend of Autonomous Car Technology (Source: Berker, 2013) Distinction between two ethical approaches on Deontology and Teleology Deontology Teleology Deontology is one of the approaches to ethics that mainly adheres towards theory implications. Teleology is an approach to ethics that mainly adheres towards theory at the end and justifies at the same time. It is also known as duty-based ethics It is also known as result-oriented ethics This particular approach teaches to be fair as not to use others for some of the selfish reasons This particular approach teaches about doing whatever actions for result production agreeable to specific person This approach mainly follows what is morally right as based upon values instilled in each person This approach examines past experiences for predicting the present actions Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that Autonomous Car Technology should act in ethical ways for achieving future business prospective in smoother ways. The main differences between both the theories include past experiences in case of Teleology and duty-oriented ethics in case of Deontology. Reference List Berker, S. (2013). Epistemic teleology and the separateness of propositions. Philosophical Review, 122(3), 337-393. Vitell, S. J., Hunt, S. D. (2015). 2. the general theory of marketing ethics: the consumer ethics and intentions issues. Handbook on Ethics and Marketing, 15.

Procurement Strategies for Companies when Encountering Natural Disasters

Free Essays on Avian Flu

1) What is a virus? Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals, and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat. Unable to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living organisms. 2) Name of virus to be studied- Avian flu virus 3) Background research Avian influenza is caused by type A influenza virus. The symptoms can vary from a mild disease with little or no mortality to a highly fatal, rapidly spreading epidemic (highly pathogenic avian influenza) depending on the infecting virus strain, host factors, and environmental stressors. More avian influenza viruses have been isolated from ducks than any other species although most free-flying birds may also be infected including shorebirds, gulls and other seabirds. Waterfowl are more resistant to avian influenza than are domestic poultry. Viruses that cause no obvious disease in waterfowl can be highly pathogenic (rapidly fatal) in domestic poultry. Among domestic poultry species, turkeys are more commonly infected than are chickens. Waterfowl act as a reservoir of avian influenza virus by carrying the virus in their intestinal tract and shedding it in their feces. Avian influenza viruses are spread to susceptible birds through inhalation of influenza particles in nasal and respiratory secretions and from contact with the feces of infected birds. 4) Symptoms- Signs including coughing, sneezing ruffled feathers, swollen heads, and nervous signs like depression and diarrhea may occur together or singly. In some cases, birds die rapidly without clinical signs of disease. 5) Treatment There are two anti-viral drugs, Amantadine and Rimantadine.... Free Essays on Avian Flu Free Essays on Avian Flu 1) What is a virus? Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals, and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat. Unable to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living organisms. 2) Name of virus to be studied- Avian flu virus 3) Background research Avian influenza is caused by type A influenza virus. The symptoms can vary from a mild disease with little or no mortality to a highly fatal, rapidly spreading epidemic (highly pathogenic avian influenza) depending on the infecting virus strain, host factors, and environmental stressors. More avian influenza viruses have been isolated from ducks than any other species although most free-flying birds may also be infected including shorebirds, gulls and other seabirds. Waterfowl are more resistant to avian influenza than are domestic poultry. Viruses that cause no obvious disease in waterfowl can be highly pathogenic (rapidly fatal) in domestic poultry. Among domestic poultry species, turkeys are more commonly infected than are chickens. Waterfowl act as a reservoir of avian influenza virus by carrying the virus in their intestinal tract and shedding it in their feces. Avian influenza viruses are spread to susceptible birds through inhalation of influenza particles in nasal and respiratory secretions and from contact with the feces of infected birds. 4) Symptoms- Signs including coughing, sneezing ruffled feathers, swollen heads, and nervous signs like depression and diarrhea may occur together or singly. In some cases, birds die rapidly without clinical signs of disease. 5) Treatment There are two anti-viral drugs, Amantadine and Rimantadine....

Normal Branding Theory - Promoting Brand Identity Essay

Normal Branding Theory - Promoting Brand Identity - Essay Example The behavioural mannerisms of the audiences, both primary and secondary are significant since these shape up the sale of these brands or as exclusively one can state, the marketing of the same. (Jackson, 2004) Brands have overtaken the retail units by storm. They seem to be everywhere. One brand is ‘in’ today and it might just be replaced or cannibalized by its smaller unit every other week. This means that there is a lot of diversification which is taking place and if seen from the competitive standpoint, this is something that boosts competition and gives rise to a healthy one. (Keller, 2003) But then again, there are drawbacks in such a situation. Since how many brands can remain in the awareness set of the consumer that the brand is actually hitting upon? The answer to this is not only confusing but also perplexing to state the least. (Faust, 1994) Further, Douglas (2004) has asserted the way in which brands have attained the position of icons on their own due right and place. They have outsmarted the manner in which other brands are perceived and this is a significant basis for their long-term success within the relevant markets nonetheless. The normal branding theory thus speaks of the ways through which brands are propagated across a number of different channels and whether these communicate the essence of the product in entirety or otherwise. The proliferation of brands in a tremendous amount is a tantamount to serious market activity and shuffling in of brands at a breakneck speed which is all the more pleasing for the market indicators and the business as a whole. The manner in which this proliferation has come about has brought serious and grave concerns on the minds of the people who are in charge of running the whole show but then again it is in direct proportion with the supply and demand theory which we discuss in the coming lines. (Brache, 2007) Brands offer some sort of value to a particular set of audience and it is up to the brand manager and his team that this audience is narrowed down as far as possible.  Ã‚  

Low Life Expectancy in the Developing World Essay

Low Life Expectancy in the Developing World - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  life expectancy of different countries is different. Developed countries normally have better life expectancy because of the better care it provides to the wellbeing of its citizens. On the other hand, developing countries or underdeveloped countries cannot spend much on the health care sector and subsequently the people in these countries may have a low life expectancy compared to that in the developed countries. African countries are famous for low life expectancy not because of poor economy alone, but because of the life styles also.As the paper highlights  the increasing number of severe diseases is the major reason for low life expectancy.   AIDS, Heart attacks, cancer, stroke, high blood pressure, Cholesterol, diabetics are some of the major diseases which lowers the life expectancy of the developing world. Cancer is one of the major problems in the developing world.  Africa is a continent which is infamous for AUDS problems. Afric ans, have poor habits in their sexual life and they do not care much about the consequences while engage in unsafe sexual activities. â€Å"Sub-Saharan Africa is more heavily affected by HIV and AIDS than any other region of the world. An estimated 22.5 million people are living with HIV in the region - around two thirds of the global total†.  The African culture and life styles are major culprits for the increased AIDS problems in this region. Africans are fun loving people and they have the habit of unsafe sex.

Google Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Google - Case Study Example rnment’s stringent laws, Google agreement for self censorship is the right alternative as it provides it with option to tap the huge market for its other products like android services. Hence, I agree with Schmidt that some information is better than no information. Schmidt is right in his assertion as Google is a business proposition with the basic objective of disseminating information. In the contemporary environment of global competition, changes within business strategy become essential and decision to self censor in China is part of its strategy for global expansion. Google’s decision therefore is right conforms to its wider objective of business goals and mission. While Google’s business strategy is fundamentally based on free access to full information, it has to forego its principle of providing full access to information as per guidelines and restrictions of Chinese government. Hence, the Chinese customers cannot access information that is deemed objectionable by the Chinese government. But in the highly competitive global business, China presents huge scope of business expansion and therefore its decision to self censor is

Big Data as an e-Health Service

Big Data as an e-Health Service Abstract: Bigdata in healthcare relates to electronic health records, patients reported outcomes all other data sets.It is not possible to maintain large and complex data with traditional database tools. After many innovation researches done by researchers Big Data is regenerating the health care, business data and finally society as e-Health .The study on bigdata e-health service. In this paper we come to know why the current technologies like STORM, hadoop, MapReduce can’t be applied directly to electronic-health services. It describes the added capabilities required to make the electronic-health services to become more practical. Next this paper provides report on architecture of bigdata e-health services that provides meaning of e-services, management operations and compliance. Keywords: Introduction to big data, different types of technologies of bigdata, advantages of bigdata, applications of big data, solutions of e-health services, big data as a service provider, e-health data operation management. Introduction: What is bigdata? Bigdata consisting of extremely huge amount of data sets which consists all kinds of data and it is difficult to extract. It can be described by the characteristics like variety, velocity, volume and variability. Variety It consists of data like structured, unstructured and semi structured data Structured data consists of databases, small scale health personal records, insurances, data wares, Enterprise Systems(like CRM, ERP etc) Unstructured data consists of analog data, Audio/video streams. Treatment data, research data Semi Structured data consists of XML, E-Mail, EDI. Velocity Velocity depends on time Sensitivity   It also depends on streaming Volume   It may consists of large quantities of files or small files in quantity   for example , now a days single person can have more than one Gmail account. When he wants to login into a gmail accounts the system generates log files . If a person login into gmail account multiple times through his different accounts then , the system generates huge number of log files that is stored in a servers using bigdata. Variability   It shows the inconsistency of data depends on variation of time period .It may be a problem for analyzing the data. Historically Bigdata in health care industries generate huge amount of electronic health datasets are so complex and difficult to manage by using the traditional software’s or hardware nor by using some database management tools. Now the current trend is to make these huge amount of data as Digitalization so that this whole digital healthcare system will transform the whole healthcare process will become more efficient and highly expensive cost will be reduced. In other words Bigdata in healthcare is evolving into a propitious field for providing perception from large set of data and it produces outcomes which reduces the cost. Bigdata in healthcare industry is stunning not only because of huge volume of datasets like clinical records of patients health reports, patient insurance report, pharmacy, prescriptions , medical imaging , patient data in electronic patient records etc but also multiplicity of data types and the speed of increasing the records. Some of the reports generated by researchers on the health care systems shows that, one of the health care system alone has reached in 2011, 150 Exabyte. At this rate of increase of growth, in future the bigdata reaches Zettabyte scale and soon it reaches to Yottabyte from various sources like electronic medical records Systems, social media reports, Personal health reports, mobile health care records, analytical reports on large array of biomedical sensors and smart phones. The electronic-health medical reports generated by single patient generates thousands of medical reports which includes medical reports, lab reports, insurances, digital image reports , billing details etc.All these records are needed to be stored in database for validating , integrating these records for meaningful analysis. If these reports are generated by multiple patients across the whole world of healthcare processing system then we have to combine these whole data into a single system which is a big challenge for Big Data. As the volume and Source of storing the data increases rapidly then we can utilize the e-health data to reduce the cost and improves the treatment. We can achieve it by investigating the big data e-health System that satisfies Big Data applications. BIG DATA FOUNDATIONS FOR E-HEALTH : The Following Figure 1 shows the bigdata service environment architecture that provides the support for electronic-health applications from different sources like testing center, individual patients, insurance facilitator and government agencies .All these produces some standard health records are connected commonly to a national healthcare network. Figure 1. e-Health Big Data Service Environments Different types of Data sources : The different types of data sources may include structured database, unstructured datasets and semi structured information Some of the standard structured data that deals with the drug insurance policy by NCPDP (National Council for Prescription Drug Program) and NCPDP SCRIPT for messaging the electronic prescription for validating the interaction between drug to drug, medical database records, dosage of drug, maintain the records. The semi structured data related to radiology pictures are changed over the IP networks is provided by DICOM(Digital Imaging and communication in Medicine). The e-Health system store, gather the medical information, patient information to the doctors unexpectedly includes medical information, vaccination details, diagnostics’ reports. HDWA Healthcare Data Warehousing Association it provides the environment for from others. They work collaboratively which helps them to deliver accurate results or solutions from their own organizations A strong relationship and interaction from test facilitators and technical team is maintained within the organization. We have to face the challenges for utilizing the unstructured data related to different concepts, sharing and accessing the data. Big data solutions and products: Bigdata investigation requires knowledge about storing, inspecting, discovering, visualizing the data and providing security by making some changes to some of technologies like Hadoop, MapReduce, STORM and with combinations. STROM: STROM is a distributed, open source , real time and fault-tolerant computational system. It can process the large amount of data on different machines and in real time each message will be processed. Strom programs can be developed by using any programming languages but especially it uses java , python and other. Strom is extremely fast and has the capability to process millions of records per second per node as it is required for e-health services. It combines with the message queuing and database technologies. From the figure 2 we can observe that a Strom topology takes huge amount of data and process the data in a typical manner and repartitioning the streams of data between each stage of process. A strom topology consists of spout and bolts that can process huge amount of data. In terms of strom components the spout reads the incoming data and it can also read the data from existing files .if the file is modified then spout also enters the modified data also. Bolt is responsible for all processing what happens on the topology , it can do anything from filtering to joins, aggregations, talking to database. Bolts receive the data from spout for processing. Figure 2. Illustration of STORM Architecture (ref: https://storm.apache.org/) Some of the important characteristics of Strom for data processing are: Fast-It can process one million 100 bytes per second per node Scalable-with parallel calculations that runs across the machine Fault-tolerant-if a node dies strom will automatically restart them Reliable-strom can process each unit of data alleast once or exactly once Easy to operate-once deployed strom can be operated easily (ref: http://hortonworks.com/hadoop/storm/) Hadoop for batch processing: Hadoop was initially designed for batch processing i.e., it takes inputs as a large set of data at once, process it and write the output. Through this batch processing and HDFS(hadoop distributed file system) it produce high throughput data processing.Hadoop is another framework , runs on MapReduce technology to do distributed computations on different servers. (ref diagram: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hadoop) Figure 3. Hadoop Processing Systems From the figure 3 we can observe that a hadoop multi-node cluster , it consists of single master node and slave node. A master node has different trackers like task tracker for scheduling the tasks , job tracker server handles with the job appointments in a order. Master also acts like a data node and name node. The slave node acts like a task tracker and data node which process the data only by slave-node only. HDFS layer deals with large cluster of nodes manage the name node server which prevents the corruption of file by taking the snapshots of the name node memory structure. Many top companies uses the hadoop technology plays a prominent role in the market.The Vendors who uses Hadoop technology will produce accurate results with high performance, scalability in output and cost is reduced. Some of the companies like Amazon, IBM, Zettaset, Dell and other uses Hadoop technology for easy analysis, provides security, user friendly solutions for complex problems.( http://www.technavio.com/blog/top-14-hadoop-technology-companies) MAPREDUCE: In 2004, Google released a framework called Hadoop MapReduce. This framework is used for writing the applications which process huge amount of multi-terabyte data sets in parallel on large number of nodes. MapReduce divides the work loads into multiple tasks that can be executed parallel. Computational process can be done on both file system and database. (ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapReduce) MapReduce code is usuallay written in java program and it can also can write in another programming languages. It consists of two fundamental components like Map and Reduce. The input and output generated by MapReduce is in the form of key and value pair. The map node will take the input in the form of large clusters and divides it into smaller clusters were the execution process is easy. Rather Mapreduce provides support for hadoop distributed file system can store the data in different servers. This framework provides support for thousands of computational applications and peg bytes of data. Some of the important features of mapreduce are scale-out architecture , security and authentication, resource manager, optimized scheduling, flexibility and high availability. Additional tools are needed to add and should be trained for e-Health files to reduce the complexity because some of the compressed files like electronic-health DICOM picture file should be mapped to a singler Map Reducer so it reduces the BigdData effectiveness. The Hadoop big data applications has imposed a limitations on big data technologies has focused on the applications like offline informatics systems. 4) Programming Tools: The other solution for the e-Health bigdata is MUMPS, it is an programming tool. MUMPS is abbreviated as Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System. It is also known as M programming language. M is a multi user and it is designed to control the huge amount of database. M programming can produce high performance in health cares and in financial applications. M provides simple data considerations in which the data is given in the form of string of characters and the given data is structured in a multidimensional array. M requires support for sparse data.Accorrding to the research done by the scientist in US hospitals they are maintaing the electronic Health records (HER) using M language including Vista(Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture) which manages all hospitals care facilities run by the Department of Veterans. (ref: http://opensource.com/health/12/2/join-m-revolution) In future some of the analytical algorithms are developed to solve the problems faced with the big data applications Additional e-Health (Big Data) Capabilities: The additional capabilities provided by the Big data e-Health services are Data Federation and aggregation, Security and Regulatory Concerns and Data Operational Management. The bigdata provides the services which helps to organize and store the huge amount of data. Those data is is digitalization , consists of large amount of datasets consists information related to patients all reports. 1) Data Federation and Aggregation: Data Federation is a type of software which collections the data from the multiple users and integrates the data.Typically traditional software cannot given the solution to store the huge amount of data in hardwares or by some database management tools.But the Data federation will provide a solution based upon the bigdata architecture is based by collecting the data inside and outside of the enterprise through the layer. Some of the important data federation tools are Sysbase federation, IBM InfoSphere Federation server and so on. (ref: http://etl-tools.info/en/data-federation.html) 2) Security and Regularity Concerns: Security is one of the important requirement to describe bidgata e-health services.Security plays a important role because patient share their personl information with the doctors which help the physician to give the correct treatment 3) Data Operational Management

The Life of Charles Babbage :: Free Essay Writer

The Life of Charles Babbage Charles Babbage 1791-1871 Born December 26, 1791 in Teignmouth, Devonshire UK, Charles Babbage was known as the â€Å"Father of Computing† for his contributions to the basic design of the computer through his Analytical Engine. The Analytical Engine was the earliest expression of an all-purpose, programmable computer. His previous Difference Engine was a special purpose device intended for the production of tables. Both the Difference and Analytical Engines were the earliest direct progenitors of modern computers. Even as a little boy, he always tinkered with little mechanical things. He loved to take apart and dissect things. Eventually, Babbage was put in the care of a church school near Exeter, where the minister was told by his family to make sure that he was healthy, rather than well educated. Because of this concern, the minister didn't give Babbage enough work to keep him interested and occupied. Superstitious, despite a thorough Protestant upbringing, he developed an obsession with the Devil. He asked his classmates to tell him every folk tales they knew about what forms the Devil appeared in. In 1812, he began his formal education at Trinity College and the University of Cambridge where he discovered his ability and interest in mathematics history. During that same year, he helped found the Analytical Society, whose object was to introduce developments from the European continent into English mathematics. He graduated from Peterhouse in 1814. He became a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1816 and was active in the founding of the Royal Astronomical and the Statistical societies. He received his Masters in 1817 and began working as a mathematician, concentrating in calculating functions. It was his work with these complex calculations that led him to his most significant inventions: The Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine. By previous standards, these engines were monumental in conception, size, and complexity. In 1821, Babbage began the task of mechanizing the production of tables. In 1822, he proposed to build a machine called the Difference Engine to automatically calculate mathematical tables. The idea was to invent a calculating machine that could not only calculate without error but also automatically print the results. Difference engines were designed to calculate using the method of finite differences, a well-used principle of the time. It was only partially completed when he conceived the idea of a more sophisticated machine called the Analytical Engine.